科技特派员工程：农业科技传播的创新模式

Technical Task Force：A Pilot Project of Agricultural Science Communication

中文关键词: 科技特派员，农业科技传播，创新模式

英文关键词: Technical Task Force(TTF)  agricultural science communication  pilot project

中文摘要:

      中国是一个农业大国，农业科技力量的不足与科技服务的不到位，无法满足农民对农业科技的渴求。与此相反，中国农业领域的技术创新组织(农业大专院校、科研单位、地方政府机关等)却“养着”大批农业技术人员。这批专业人才拥有技术，却发挥不了作用，这使得目前中国的科技创新组织与技术的应用群体即广大农民之间，存在着“知识鸿沟”。因此，建立农业科技传播的有效渠道和保障机制，把科技由“富裕区”输送到“贫困区”，是农业科技传播的主要任务。在此背景下，一种新型的农业科技传播横式应运而生，大批技术人员通过“自愿报名”、“双向选择”的方式，被政府择优聘用为“科技特派员”，他们与农民同吃、同住、同劳动，并以技术或资金入股，与农民建立多种“利益共同体”模式，利益共享，风险共担，实现“双赢”。从1999年诞生至今，随着不断地探索与完善．科技特派员这项工程已基本形成“科技特派员+农民+示范园／协会／公司 (龙头企业)”多种三位一体的运作机制，促进中国农业向生产规模化和经营产业化方向发展。本文结合科技传播学理论，以山东聊城科技特派员工程实例来分析这种新型的农业科技传播模式的实施过程。

英文摘要:

      China is an agricultural country with 63.91％ of its total population living in rural areas．As traditional agriculture is being gradually replaced by modern agriculture，low level of science literacy of Chinese farmers has considerably hindered productivity in the agriculture sector．As a consequence，the farmers are still poor，so it is crucial for Chinese farmers to learn modern agricultural methods in order to eliminate poverty．However，due to insufficient qualified personnel and lack of technical services，urgent needs of the farmers are not met．While agricultural technicians are locally available in large numbers，their knowledge has not been fully applied in agricultural practices；thus a big information gap exists between technicians and farmers．Therefore a proper communication channel and a cooperative guarantee system need to be established so as to pass on science and technology (S&T) information from the "rich region"， to the "needy region"．With this background，a pilot Project of agricultural science communication has been launched．Based on" Voluntary Registration & Mutual Selection"，lots of technicians were hired by the local government as 'Technical Task Force (TTF)'．They lived and worked together with the local farmers．In their cooperative efforts they made technological as well as capital investment and share profits and losses to achieve" double win" and then they both become shareholders．This pilot Project to persuade Chinese farmers to use modem scientific methods is so successful that the government is expanding it across the whole country．This paper attempts to analyze the working mechanism of the innovative Project and discuss the relationships amongst local governments，farmers and TTF．The aim is to elaborate on an effective and successful practice of agricultural science communication between technicians and farmers in developing countries．