设计具有多互动功能科学博物馆展览的五个隐患

Designing Science Museum Exhibits With Multiple Interactive Features：Five Common Pitfalls

中文关键词: 互动式展览，设计，科学博物馆

英文关键词: interactive exhibits  design  science museum

中文摘要:

      互动式博物馆展览在科学中心中普遍存在，在艺术、历史和文化博物馆中也越来越流行。在互动式展览中，观众可以作用于展览，展览也会反作用于观众。尽管具有互动式功能的展览能够促进科学认知的观点得到许多理论上和经验上的支持，但如果在展览中过多采用互动性，不加批判地认为互动性“越多越好”，会导致严重的设计问题。本文描述了设计具有过多的互动性功能展览的五个隐患：(1)具有相同标准的多个选项；(2)允许多个用户互相妨碍的功能；(3)鼓励用户搞乱展览对象的选项；(4)难以找到关键对象的功能；(5)次要功能掩盖了主要功能。本文为以上每个问题提供了相关示例，并设计了可能的解决方案。

英文摘要:

      Interactive museum exhibits are ubiquitous in science centers, and are becoming increasingly popular in art, history and cultural museums．At an interactive exhibit, visitors can act on the exhibit and the exhibit reacts．While there is much theoretical and empirical support for the idea that interactive features in exhibits promote science learning, we believe that serious design problems can arise if an uncritical“more is better”approach is taken to interactivity．This article describes five common pitfalls of designing exhibits with high levels of interactivity or multiple interactive features：(1) multiple options with equal salience. (2) features allowing multiple users to interfere with one another, (3) options that encourage users to disrupt the phenomenon being displayed，(4) features that make the critical phenomenon difficult to find，and (5) secondary features that obscure the primary feature．Examples of each of the five problems are presented，and possible design solutions are offered．