对科技馆建设理念和建馆模式的探讨

The Discussion about the Ideas and the Modes of the Establishment of Science & Technology Museum

中文关键词: 科技馆,建设,理念,模式

英文关键词: science and technology museums  establishment  ideas  modes

中文摘要:

      在中国，科技馆的建设日益成为博物馆界关注的焦点，场馆规模巨大，新建馆数量成倍增长。但是，如何使每一个新建馆都能够具有特色和新意，使得科技馆发挥其应当发挥的作用？本文着重探讨科技馆建设中理念确立的重要性，以及理念如何统辖整个科技馆的创新工作。通过回顾科技馆的发展历程及四个发展阶段的不同时代背景和特性，从科技馆发展的脉络和理念特征可以看出：不同时代的科技馆都承载了时代的特征和区域的特点，随着社会和科技的发展其展示内容、展示方式、教育理念均发生变化，从而造就内在理念和外在形态不同的科技馆。本文以上海科技馆为例，

英文摘要:

      While the venue scale becomes bigger, and the amount of new museums is increasing faster, the establishments of science and technology museums abstract more and more attentions in China. But, for each new museum, how to define its own characteristics and play the role it should play? This article mainly investigates the importance of establishing an idea and how does the idea guide the innovation of a museum. Looking back the four stages of the development of science and technology museum and their different background characteristics of times to explore the development thread, we can find that the science and technology museums of different times always carry the characteristics of the time and the region. Along with the development of society, science and technology, the exhibiting content and form, and the educational idea keep changing. As the result, the science and technology museums of different internal ideas and external forms appear. This article takes Shanghai Science & Technology Museum for instance to interpret the characteristics of the museums belonging to the fourth stage, i.e. the modern comprehensive science and technology museums, and to analyses the differences between “Collection Mode” and “Exhibit Mode”, “Discipline-oriented” and “Theme-oriented”. At last, the article analyzes the innovations and the characteristics of domestic science and technology museums, in aim to offer some help to the museums under construction.