学生在科技馆中的对话特点及先前知识的影响作用

Conversations among Students in a Science Museum:The Features and the Effect of Knowledge

中文关键词: 科技馆学习,对话特点,先前知识,话语分析

英文关键词: science museum learning  features of conversation  knowledge  discourse analysis

中文摘要:

      科技场馆在科普教育中的重要地位日益凸显，大力发掘其教育功能是国内外科学教育领域关注的热点话题。本研究采用话语分析的方法，对初中学生在参观科技馆过程中的典型对话类型和先前知识对对话的影响进行了深入探讨。本研究发现：（1）学生在科技馆中的学习对话类型主要包括描述、联系个人经验、解释、情感表达和行为指导，但学习对话数量较少；（2）先前知识能促进学生通过解释展品，来更好地理解科学概念和原理；（3）先前知识丰富的学生在参观中体验到更多积极情绪，并更倾向于反思行为效果。同时，本研究建议从展品内容和参观形式两方面来促进学生科技馆学习效果。

英文摘要:

      Since science museums have played an important role in science education，more and more science educators focus on developing the educational function of science museums. This study aims to explore the main features of students’conversations in a science museum and the mechanism of knowledge. The results show the following：(1)Most students use perceptual talk, connecting talk，explanation, affective talk and behavioral strategic talk to make a better understanding of the exhibits，but few conversations are related to the study.(2)Knowledge improves students’explanatory talk and understanding of scientific concepts and principles.(3)Students with more knowledge experience more positive emotion and reflect more.