从公众参与科学视角看微博对科学传播的挑战

Public Engagement of Science and Social Media’s Challenges to Science Communication

中文关键词: 科学传播、公民参与科学、转基因、黄金大米、微博、社交媒体

英文关键词: science communication  public engagement of science  genetically modified  golden rice  microblog  social media

中文摘要:

      本文在探讨科学传播从缺失模型到公众参与模型变迁的基础上，阐述了以微博为代表的社交媒体 的兴起给科学传播带来的挑战。本文在结合对转基因黄金大米引发的微博争端进行的实证研究与定性分析 的基础上认为，微博等社交媒体具有潜力成为公众参与科学的平台，但又不是一个现成的公共领域（public sphere)。科学传播工作者需要正视这种情况，并尽可能充分利用社交媒体带来的条件，顺应科学传播向公 众参与科学形态的变迁。

英文摘要:

      This paper discusses the transformation of science communication from deficit model to the model of public engagement of science. It then summarizes the challenges of social media to science communication. These challenges include the contradiction between professionalism of science communication and the unconstrained expression enabled by social media, the changing unbalance between scientific elites and the general public，the fast spread of rumors，and the denialism of science caused by irrational populism. Based on a case study of online controversies on genetically modified golden rice in China，this paper concludes that social media can become a potential platform for the public engagement of science，but it is not a ready public sphere. Science communication professionals should facilitate social media to become a better space for the public to participate in the process of science.