工程学在基础教育中的地位和作用

An Analysis of Engineering Science’s Role in Basic Education

中文关键词: 工程学 工程学教育 基础教育

英文关键词: engineering  engineering education  general education

中文摘要:

      工程学是通过设计、制造和维护人造物品和技术系统来改变自然环境的专业，它所构建的人工世界已 经把今天的地球装扮得更加美好。随着全球经济竞争力与创新的联系越来越紧密，工程学在当今社会比以往任 何时候都备受关注。工程学进入基础教育，其在创意、设计、实践等方面的要素可以极大地丰富课程的内涵和 育人价值，使包括科学在内的相关课程在培养学生创新、实践和问题解决能力上有了最直接的支撑点，为教育 理想和课程目标的实现提供了更加有效的途径。进入21 世纪后，以工程学为主角的新课程已经隆重登场并取得 了令人鼓舞的效果。在我国，2017 版小学科学课程标准和即将颁布的高中生物学课程标准已经将工程学作为独 立的学习领域或模块纳入课程的内容标准。高质量地落实相关课程的要求并将工程学以多种途径融入中小学课 堂，需要数理学科教师、学校主管、课程设计和教育决策人员对工程学有足够的了解，并能够重新审视工程学 在基础教育课程中的地位和作用。

英文摘要:

      Engineering science is considered as a discipline principally for changing and shaping the natural environment by means of designing，manufacturing and maintaining of artifacts and technical systems， the artificially-made world conjured up by such science makes the earth where we are inhabiting today more and more beautiful. Thanks to the ever increasing linkage between the global economic competitiveness and the innovation，engineering science has drawn wider attention than any other period in history. The fact that Engineering science is included into the basic education helps significantly to enrich and expand the related curriculums and their educational value by its innovation，designing，as well as practice，that will provide a most direct and pivotal linking point for the related curriculums（including science）in cultivating students’capabilities on seeking creativity，practice and problem-solving，thus all the above-mentioned factors will offer a more effective tool for goals set forth for education and curriculums. Entering into the 21st century，the new curriculum which takes engineering science as its main component has taken shape， resulting in encouraging ripples. In China，the 2017 Science Curriculum Standard for Primary School and the Impending Chemistry Curriculum Standard for Senior High School have incorporated engineering science into the content standard of the curriculum as an independent study area or module. In a nutshell, in order to better put into place the requirements for the related curriculums and to include engineering science into courses set for primary school and middle school students，teachers of math and science，school administrators，and education decision-makers shall have a better knowledge of engineering science，and shall review the role played by engineering science in basic education curriculum as well.