自然博物馆中观众对话与展览设计之关系研究

An Investigation on Conversations among Visitors and InfluenceFactors from Exhibits at Natural History Museum

中文关键词: 自然博物馆 观众对话 展览设计 影响因素

英文关键词: natural history museum  visitor conversation  exhibition design  influence factors

中文摘要:

      本文以上海自然博物馆千姿百态展览为例，通过对63 组样本的跟踪观察，记录对话及相关互动行为， 从而分析群体观众在不同展项前的对话频率、对话类型差异。研究发现，群体内成员更倾向于独立参观，知 觉型对话是发生最多的对话类型。通过分析观众对话与展览的关系，总结影响观众对话的展览因素：观众视 线范围内、特征明显的展品展项前对话频率较高；标签和图文有助认知并促进对话交流；为观众提供建立联系、 推理等认知的展览设计更容易引起深层次的学习型对话。可以通过对目标人群需求的预先调查，合理利用图文、 标签视频等辅助手段丰富展览内容、优先选择特征明显的标本等方式，在探究式学习理论的指导下策划设计 展览，以便更好地促进观众在博物馆的对话交流。

英文摘要:

      Based on the visitor study of Diverse Lives at Shanghai Natural History Museum，the paper tries to analyze the frequency and types of visitors’conversation through tracking，observation and documentation of conversation and interactive behavior of 63 samples. The survey finds that group visitors show a tendency towards visiting the museum on their own and that perceiving dialogue is the most common type of conversation occurred during the visit. By adopting the detailed analysis of the relationship between visitors’conservations and exhibit design，the survey finds the factors which can influence visitors’conservation. The exhibits which are with obvious features and within visitors’sight can evoke high frequency of conservations. The labels and texts in exhibit promote visitors’conservation. The exhibits that contribute to visitors’relationship building and reasoning can evoke in-depth learning conservations. It is clear that great efforts should be made to facilitate visitors’conservations； investigate the needs of targeted groups in advance；use labels，texts and videos to enrich exhibit content；choose exhibits with obvious features；and design exhibits under the guidance of inquiry learning.