美国科普志愿者的建设经验及启示

An Empirical Study on Volunteer Construction in American Science Communication and Popularization

中文关键词: 科普志愿者 美国 志愿者文化

英文关键词: popular science volunteers  America  volunteers culture

中文摘要:

      美国有大批科普志愿者并在科普志愿者的管理机制以及活动开展上积累了相当多的经验。通过考察美 国科普志愿者的准入退出机制、管理体系、法律法规以及活动形式，我们发现：美国对科普志愿者的管理具有 规范化的准入退出机制、较为完善的奖惩机制、便捷化的报名渠道以及多样化的活动形式等经验。相比之下， 目前中国科普志愿者的人数及在科技传播中的作用都显得比较薄弱，服务中也存在诸多不足之处，建议相关部 门能对科普志愿者进行统一规范的管理，建立健全相关法律法规，拓宽报名渠道，完善奖惩机制，以期全面提 高公民科学素质。

英文摘要:

      The United States has a large number of popular science volunteers，and has accumulated considerable experience in the management mechanism and activities of popular science volunteers. By examining the access mechanism，management system，laws，and forms of activities of American science popularization volunteers，we have found that：The management of volunteers has a standardized entry and exit mechanism，a relatively complete reward and punishment mechanism， a convenient entry channel，and diverse forms of activities. In contrast，the current number of Chinese science popularization volunteers and their role in the spread of science and technology are relatively weaker. There are also many problems and deficiencies regarding the service. It is recommended that relevant departments conduct standardized and uniform management of popular science volunteers， improve relevant laws and improve the management system of popular science volunteers with a view to improving civic scientific literacy in an all-round way.