用“方法—目的链”理论 探究植物园夜游环境教育效果

Environmental Educational Outcomes of Night Hike in a BotanicalGarden Explored by the Means-end Theory

中文关键词: 植物园夜游 方法—目的链理论 环境教育

英文关键词: Night Hike in botanical garden  means-end theory  environmental education

中文摘要:

      植物园是重要的旅游目的地并肩负着环境教育的责任。作为一种新兴的环境教育形式，夜游在国内 多家植物园中开展。然而，关于夜游教育效果的研究鲜见报道。本文以西双版纳热带植物园的夜游活动为例， 基于方法—目的链理论，对30 位夜游活动参与者进行深度访谈。本文通过建构环境教育效果的属性—结果— 价值层级，还原夜游活动过程，分析夜游实现环境教育功能与影响参与者个人价值的情况。研究表明，参与 者自报夜游包含动物、植物、领队及同伴等产品属性，认为夜游可以增加他们的动植物知识和新奇感，使他 们达到 “自我满足”“个人提升”等个人价值，并增加“保护”意识的环境教育价值。与此同时，领队的作 用、充分动用各种感官去感受以及夜游途中遇到多样新奇动植物等因素，会显著提升夜游的效果并促进教育 功能的实现。因此，植物园夜游是一种良好的“寓教于乐”环境教育活动。

英文摘要:

      Botanical gardens are important destinations for living plant collection，conservation， environmental education and tourism. To enrich the garden experience，many botanical gardens in China developed various Night Hike programs in recent years. However，it hasn’t been theoretically assessed for its education processes and outcomes. By employing the means-end theory，30 Night Hike participants were interviewed at Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden in order to explore to what extent the educational function and impact upon personal development were achieved. The results indicated the Night Hike’s goals included animals，plants，educators and companions. As participants reported，the consequences of the program were that the program enhanced participants’biological knowledge and provided them a novel experience. Participants believed the program are beneficial to their self-satisfaction，personal development and increasing their conservation awareness. Meanwhile，the factors that significantly affected the effectiveness and educational function of the Night Hike were the educator’s role，full usage of the variety of senses，and the chances of viewing numbers of novel plants and animals. Generally，Night Hike in botanical gardens is indeed an effective environmental educational activity for the feature of“education via entertainment”.