政府推动公众科学的现状与模式 ——基于美国和德国实践的比较

Research on the Current Condition and Model of How GovernmentMotivates the Development of Citizen Science：Based on theComparison of Practice of the U.S. and Germany

中文关键词: 公众科学 美国 德国 政府主导 社会主导

英文关键词: citizen science  the U.S.  Germany  government-led model  society-led model

中文摘要:

      公众科学有利于降低政府履职成本、创新科技治理方式、提升公民科学素质，这些目标同时也是政 府工作的重点。但已有研究主要关注具体的公众科学项目，较少基于政府视角思考如何定位和推动公众科学。 本研究以美国和德国为例，结合两国政府推动公众科学的举措与经验，探讨政府在推动公众科学发展中所发 挥的组织和支持作用，对比和总结美国主要采用的“政府主导”模式以及德国主要采用的“社会主导”模式 的特点，进一步讨论公众科学对于提高公众对政府和科学信任程度的意义，在此基础上，本研究提出了政府 应把握好角色边界、完善公众科学的基本设施、将科普作为公众科学在中国落地的抓手等建议。

英文摘要:

      Citizen science is beneficial to reducing the cost of government administration，innovation in science and technology governance，and improving civic scientific literacy，all of which are at the same time the focus of government endeavors. But current research primarily focuses on specific citizen science projects and hasn’t viewed citizen science from the government’s perspective. Based on the U.S. and German governments’measurements and experiences，this research aims to explore the organizing and supporting functions of government in motivating the development of citizen science. Furthermore， the characteristics of the government-led model adopted in the U.S. and the society-led model adopted in Germany are compared and summarised. The significance of citizen science in enhancing public trust in government and science is further discussed. On this basis，this study proposes that the government should design the boundaries of its role，improve the basic facilities，and consider science popularization as a pilot to adopt citizen science.