多元与反思：科技新闻学术史的图谱研究

Diversity and Reflection：A Mapping Study of the Academic Historyof Science Journalism

中文关键词: 科技新闻 科技报道 新闻史 文献计量 科学知识图谱

英文关键词: science journalism  science report  journalism history  bibliometric method  mapping knowledge domains

中文摘要:

      科技新闻对公众理解科学、创新型国家建设有重要作用。本研究基于文献计量法系统呈现了科技新 闻的学术发展史，发现科技新闻研究主要经历了三个阶段，即1970 年前的酝酿阶段、1970 年到20 世纪末的 萌芽和成长阶段、21 世纪的快速多元发展阶段。国际科技新闻研究主要涉及五大主题，分别为对科学家和科 学记者等的传者研究、对大众媒体及社交媒体等的媒介研究、对前沿科技议题及错误报道等的内容研究、对 公众理解科学和公民科学素质等的受众研究、对科学传播方式和水平等的效果研究。公众对科技的质疑和担 忧渗透在国际科技新闻研究中。相较国内科技新闻研究体系零散及以业务研究为主导的特征，国际科技新闻 研究已呈现出明显的学术体系化格局。在研究方法上，国内更注重定性分析，国际则更注重定量及实证研究。 在中国科技快速发展的背景下，科技新闻研究的国内外差异应引起学界的重视与反思。

英文摘要:

      Science journalism plays an important role in the public understanding of science and in building an innovative country. Based on the bibliometric method，the study explores the academic history of science journalism. It was found that the international science journalism research history has gone through three stages，the incubation stage before 1970，the germination and growth stage from 1970 to the end of the 20th century，and the rapid and diversified development stage in the 21st century. International science journalism research mainly involves five topics，including spreader research such as scientists and journalists，media research such as mass media and social media，content research such as frontier scientific and technological issues and false reports，audience research such as public understanding of science and citizen scientific literacy，effect research such as the methods and levels of science communication. Public doubts and concerns about science permeate the research of science journalism. Compared with international research，the domestic science journalism research system is more fragmented and practice-oriented. International research presents an obvious pattern of academic systematization. In terms of research methods，domestic research paid more attention to qualitative analysis while international research focused on quantitative and empirical research. With the rapid development of science and technology in China，the difference in science journalism research at domestic and abroad should arouse attention and reflection.