20 世纪五六十年代群众性科学实验运动研究

Research on Mass Science Campaign in 1950s and 1960s

中文关键词: 群众科学 科普 样板田

英文关键词: mass science  science popularization  model field

中文摘要:

      20 世纪五六十年代的群众性科学实验运动是中国科普史上一个特殊的事件。它以群众性科研小组形 态首次兴起于1958 年，在中央实施“调整、巩固、充实、提高”方针后受到整顿。1963 年，毛泽东提出阶 级斗争、生产斗争和科学实验是三项伟大革命运动思想后，以样板田运动为中心的群众性科学实验运动再次 兴起。探索用群众运动的方式开展科普工作，广泛调动了群众参与科学的积极性，是探索中国科学发展道路 的积极尝试。但是，在开展过程中不可避免地模糊了普及和提高的关系，对专业科研产生了消极影响。

英文摘要:

      The mass scientific experiment movement in the 1950s and 1960s was a special event in the history of Chinese science popularization. It first emerged in 1958 as a mass research group and was reorganized after CPC implemented the policy of“Adjustment，Consolidation，Enrichment，and Improvement”. In 1963，after Mao Zedong declared“Class Struggle, Production Struggle，and Science Experiment”as“the three great revolutionary campaigns”, “Mass Science”with the Model Field Campaign as the pillar reemerged and sprang up. Exploring science through mass movements has aroused the enthusiasm of the masses to participate in science，which is an active attempt to explore the path of scientific development in China. However，the relationship between popularization and improvement is inevitably blurred in the process，which harms professional scientific research.