儿童科普与自然世界 ——美国自然课程运动的探索与实践

Children’s Science and the Natural World：Exploration and Practice in the American Nature Study Movement

中文关键词: 儿童科普 自然课程 儿童科学教育

英文关键词: children’s science  nature study  science education for children

中文摘要:

      自然课程运动是19 世纪末20 世纪初美国兴起的一场教育改革与科学普及运动。这场运动的倡导者 反对分科教学，主张儿童科学教育应当“放下课本，走进自然”，认为儿童应当整体性地面对科学知识与自然 世界，尝试通过自然课程实现儿童科普、人文教育与自然美育的统一。尽管自然课程由于缺乏实效性而逐渐 被搁置，但其所主张的实物教学、户外实践等教学方法却被保留下来。此外，自然课程注重建立儿童与自然 之间情感连接的主张，也与当下我国的绿色发展理念相契合。回顾自然课程发展历程，结合国内博物学、生 态语言学等领域研究成果，可为当前儿童科普工作的创新提供些许借鉴。

英文摘要:

      The nature study movement is an education reform and science popularization movement that emerged in the United States at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The advocates of this movement opposed the division of teaching，and advocated that children’s science education should“put down the textbooks and walk into nature”，believed that children should face scientific knowledge and the natural world as a whole，and tried to achieve the unity of children’s science popularization，humanistic education，and natural aesthetic education through the nature study. Although the nature study was gradually shelved due to lack of effectiveness，the teaching methods advocated by it，such as object teaching and outdoor practice，were preserved. In addition，the nature study focuses on establishing the emotional connection between children and nature，which is also in line with the current concept of green development in China. Reviewing the development process of nature study，combined with domestic research achievements in natural history，ecological linguistics and other fields，can provide some reference for the innovation of current children’s science popularization work.