我国公民科学素质的现状与发展对策——基于第十二次中国公民科学素质抽样调查的实证研究

The Present Situation and Countermeasure of Chinese Civic Scientific Literacy：An Empirical Study Based on the 12th NationalCivic Scientific Literacy Sampling Survey

中文关键词: 公民科学素质 科技信息 兴趣 态度 需求

英文关键词: civic scientific literacy  scientific and technological information  interest  attitude  demand

中文摘要:

      2022 年第十二次中国公民科学素质抽样调查是进入“十四五”以来开展的首次大规模科学素质调查，采用优化完善后的新时代公民科学素质测评指标，通过线下入户与线上网络样本推送相结合的方式采集数据，系统监测我国公民科学素质发展状况。调查结果显示， 2022 年我国公民具备科学素质的比例达到了12.93%，公民科学素质水平快速提升，朝着“十四五”发展目标顺利迈进。不同区域的公民科学素质发展呈现出与其经济社会发展相匹配的特征，与 2020 年相比，各类群体的科学素质水平在快速提升的同时，农村居民科学素质增长幅度相对较大，女性公民科学素质水平提升较快，性别差明显缩小，中低学历人群科学素质水平明显提高，各群体的科学素质水平发展更加均衡。电视和互联网是我国公民获取科技信息的主要渠道，互联网已成为公民获取科技信息的首选渠道。我国公民对科学技术的看法更加理性，对科技创新保持高度关注和支持。我国公民科学素质水平提升速度较快，但总体水平仍然偏低，发展不平衡不充分的问题仍然较为突出。对本次调查结果的全面呈现和系统分析，将为推动科普高质量发展、有针对性地制定科普和科学素质建设相关战略和政策、促进全民科学素质长期均衡发展提供强有力的数据支持和决策参考。

英文摘要:

      The 12th National Civic Scientific Literacy Sampling Survey was the first large-scale survey conducted since entering the 14th Five-Year Plan. It adopted，optimized and perfect the assessment of civic scientific literacy indicators in the new era. Data was collected through a combination of offline and online surveys to monitor the development of Chinese citizens’scientific literacy systematically. The survey results showed that by 2022，the level of Chinese citizens with scientific literacy had reached 12.93%. The level of citizens’scientific literacy has been rapidly improved，and they were moving smoothly toward the goal of the 14th Five-Year Plan. The development of citizens’scientific literacy in different regions showed characteristics matching with their economic and social development. Compared with 2020，while the level of scientific literacy of various groups is rapidly improving，the growth rate of scientific literacy of rural residents was relatively large，the level of scientific literacy of female citizens was rising rapidly，the gender gap is significantly reduced，the level of scientific literacy of middle and low educational groups were significantly improved，and the development of scientific literacy level of various groups was more balanced. Television and the Internet were the main channels for Chinese citizens to obtain scientific and technological information，and the Internet had become the preferred channel. Chinese citizens had a more rational view of science and technology，and continue to maintain a high level of attention and support for technological innovation. The level of scientific literacy of Chinese citizens was improving rapidly，but the overall level was still low，and the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development was still prominent. Through the comprehensive presentation and systematic analysis of the survey results，it provided strong data support and decision-making reference for promoting high-quality development，formulating relevant strategies and policies for science popularization and science quality construction in a targeted manner，and promoting the longterm balanced development of science quality of the whole people.