我国老年人科学素质的发展现状及特点分析——基于第十二次中国公民科学素质抽样调查的实证研究

Analysis of the Current Situation and Characteristics of Scientific Literacy of Chinese Elderly：An Empirical StudyBased on the 12th National Civic Scientific Literacy Sampling Survey

中文关键词: 老年人 科学素质 健康素养 信息素养

英文关键词: the elderly  scientific literacy  healthy literacy  information literacy

中文摘要:

      老年人作为全民科学素质建设的重点人群，其科学素质水平长期处在低水平、低增长的状态，同时受性别、城乡、受教育程度、获取科技信息的渠道、对科学技术的兴趣、需求和态度等多重因素的共同影响。基于第十二次中国公民科学素质抽样调查数据，描述了我国老年人科学素质发展的现状和特点，分析了我国不同地区、不同分类群体的老年人科学素质发展特征，认为老年人科学素质发展基础薄弱，不同科学素质水平老年人在受教育程度、性别、城乡分布上存在差异，对科学素质相关维度的掌握情况也有所差异，电视等传统媒体是老年人获取科技信息的主要渠道，老年人对科学技术的支持程度和对各类科普场馆的利用率均低于全体公民，充分的社会参与是提升老年人科学素质的重要因素。基于此，提出要重视老年人科学素质提升，聚焦其首要需求，重点提升健康素养和信息素养；加强老年人科学素质发展研究，适应老年人科学素质发展特点，继续普及科学知识和方法，突出科学精神引领；推动科普服务适老化转型，提高老年人科普服务能力。

英文摘要:

      As a key population group in the construction of public science literacy，the level of scientific literacy of the elderly has been in a state of low level and low growth for a long time. Meanwhile，it is affected by multiple factors such as gender，urban and rural areas，education level，access to scientific and technological information，interest，needs and attitudes towards science and technology. Based on the data of the 12th National Civic Scientific Literacy Sampling Survey，this paper describes the current situation and characteristics of scientific literacy of the elderly in China，analyzes the characteristics of the scientific literacy development of the elderly in different regions and different classification groups， and holds that the foundation of scientific literacy of elderly people is weak. There are differences in education level，gender，and urban-rural distribution among elderly people with different levels of scientific literacy，and their grasp of relevant dimensions of scientific literacy is also different. Traditional media such as television are the main channels for the elderly to obtain scientific and technological information，and the elderly’s support for science and technology and utilization rate of various science venues are lower than that of all citizens. Social participation is also an important factor to improve the scientific literacy of the elderly. Based on this，we should pay attention to raising the scientific literacy of the elderly by focusing on their primary needs，especially health literacy and information literacy； continue to popularize scientific knowledge and methods，and highlight the guidance of scientific spirit to adapt to the characteristics of the development of scientific literacy of the elderly；promote the transformation of science popularization services to adapt to aging，and improve the ability of science popularization and services for the elderly.