馆校社协同开发研学实践课程的 机制和路径研究 ——以北京市东城区青少年科技馆为例

Research on the Mechanism and Path of Collaborative Developmentof Research and Practice Courses by Museum，School and Society

中文关键词: 馆校社 研学旅行 实践课程 协同开发 青少年科技馆

英文关键词: museum-school-society collaboration  field trip  practice courses  collaborative development  youth science and technology museum

中文摘要:

      馆校社作为一种新型教育治理结构，对于解决中小学生多元化的研学实践课程需求难以满足、课 程供给侧与需求侧之间的失衡以及公办校外教育单位作用发挥不充分等现实难题，具有重要意义。基于青 少年科技馆独特的职能定位，本文采取描述式单案例研究方法，描述并揭示青少年科技馆协同学校和社会 力量推进研学实践课程的具体行动。结果发现，指向学生核心素养培育的理论模型引导机制、多元主体参 与下的供给与需求平衡机制、全过程精细化推进的实施流程优化机制是保障多元主体参与的基础条件；在 机制引导下，组织协同、方案协同、行动协同、评价协同是破解研学实践课程困境的具体路径。建议不同 地区的教育主体进一步更新观念，走出独立开发误区；教育行政机构转变职能，发挥统筹作用；公办校外 单位主动作为、大力整合外部力量，形成多元主体共同育人的格局。

英文摘要:

      In response to the challenges in meeting the diversified needs of primary and secondary school students for research and practice courses，the imbalance between the supply and demand side of the courses，as well as the inadequate performance of public extramural education units，it is urgent to integrate the resources of multiple entities to break the current dilemma of study and research practice courses. Being a new type of educational governance structure，the Museum-School- Society collaboration has important insights and references to break the current dilemma of the study and research practice curriculum. Based on the unique function of“youth science and technology museums”，the thesis adopts a descriptive single-case study approach to describe and reveal the specific actions of youth science and technology museums in promoting the study and research practice curriculum in collaboration with schools and society. The results indicate that the theoretical model guiding mechanism pointing to the cultivation of students’core literacy，the supply and demand balancing mechanism under the participation of multiple subjects，and the implementation process optimization mechanism promoting the refinement of the whole process are the basic prerequisites to guarantee the involvement of multiple subjects. Guided by the mechanism，organizational synergy， program synergy，operation synergy，and evaluation synergy are the specific paths to break out of the dilemma of research and practice courses. It is recommended that teachers in different areas further update their concepts and get rid of the misconception of independent development；educational administrations should transform and function as a coordinator，and public extramural units should take the initiative and vigorously integrate external forces. Thus，a synergy of education with the participation of multiple subjects will be achieved.