科学家参与公共决策的角色模型及应用探析

Role Model and Interaction Mechanism of Scientists’Participation in Public Decision-Making

中文关键词: 战略科学家 角色模型 公共决策 循证决策

英文关键词: visionary scientists  role model  public decision-making  evidence-based decisionmaking

中文摘要:

      科学家参与公共决策是推动科学决策机制发展并最终促进科普工作的重要手段。一方面反映出科学在社会发展中持续起到的作用，另一方面也暴露出在更宏观的视角下，科学与政策尚未形成良好的互动机制。对此，本文系统梳理了皮尔克所描述的科学和政策的利益相关者模式以及在此基础上生发出的理想化角色模型，发现该模式对于评估和指导科学家在政策制定中所起到的作用具有相当程度的参考性和代表性。同时，战略科学家也是科学家角色模型的中国式延展。在科学的循证决策趋势下，科学家参与公共决策的角色模型面临着多重挑战，有赖于科学家主动作为、政府适时支持、科学政策体系培训的及时跟进，也有待于在实践中不断细化和挖掘。

英文摘要:

      The participation of scientists in public decision-making is an important means to promote scientific decision-making mechanisms and ultimately encourage science popularization. While this reflects the continuous role of science in social development，it also reveals that science and policy have not formed a good interaction mechanism from a macro perspective. In this regard，this paper systematically reviews the science and policy stakeholder model described by Pielke and the idealized role model that emerges from it. This paper finds that the model is of considerable reference and representativeness for assessing and guiding the role of scientists in policy-making. At the same time， “visionary scientists”are also the Chinese extension of the role model of scientists. Under the trend of evidence-based decision-making in science，the role model of scientists’participation in public decision-making faces multiple challenges，which depend on the initiative of scientists，timely support from the government，and timely follow-up of science policy system training. It also needs to be refined and explored continuously in practice.