开放科学的公众科学转向： 政策工具视角下国际开放科学政策文本量化研究及启示

The Citizen Science Turn in Open Science: Quantitative Studies on International Open Science Policy Texts and their Implications Guided by Policy Tools

中文关键词: 开放科学 公众科学 文本分析 政策工具

英文关键词: open science  citizen science  text analysis  policy tools

中文摘要:

      国际开放科学政策近年呈现明显的公众科学转向，开放科学政策如何理解和推动公众科学是推进科学与社会协同共享共创的关键课题。本文基于政策工具视角，通过文本分析方法解构国际开放科学政策内容，探索不同类型机构政策设计及侧重并提出政策建议。结果显示，国际开放科学政策关注由传统的公众科学普及转向公众科学参与，不同类型机构在政策工具结构和具体政策设计上有所差异。建议我国未来制定科技与科普政策时可参考国际经验，在政策设计之初融入开放科学与公众科学的双向度形成有机整体，重塑科研文化和科普理念、改革科研资助和评价体系、建设公共服务平台、探索科学与社会新合作模式、双向培养协作技能、并将社会参与纳入科研全生命周期考量，共同推进科学与社会协同共享共创。

英文摘要:

      International open science policies have shown a significant shift towards citizen science in recent years. How open science policies understand and promote citizen science is key to promote collaborative sharing and co-creation between science and society. Using policy tools, this study analyses international open science policy texts, explores the policy designs from different types of institutions, and provides policy suggestions. It is found that the overall focus of international open science policies has shifted from traditional science popularization to citizen science participation, and different types of institutions are different in the structures of policy tool and in specific policy designs. It suggests that when formulating future science and science popularization policies, China can refer to existing international experiences, integrating open science and citizen science dimensions into the policy design, reshaping the research culture and the concept of science popularization, reforming research funding and evaluation systems, rebuilding public service platforms, exploring new cooperation models between science and society, cultivating collaborative skills in both directions, and incorporating societal engagement into the whole research life cycle, in order to jointly promote the collaborative sharing and co-creation between the scientific community and the society.