课外科学教育的现状、特征和发展对策——基于北京市 275 所中小学的实证调查

Research on the Current Situation，Characteristics and Development Countermeasures of Extracurricular Science Education： An Empirical Investigation Based on 275 Primary and Middle Schools in Beijing

中文关键词: 课外科学教育 科技教师 科技类校本课程 中小学校

英文关键词: extracurricular science education  science and technology teachers  school-based science and technology curriculum  primary and middle schools

中文摘要:

      课外科学教育在激发学生科学兴趣等方面发挥了积极作用，是做好科学教育加法的重要组成部分。 本文基于分层抽样与随机抽样相结合的方式，对北京市 275 所中小学校开展问卷调查。结果显示，北京市课外科学教育在师资队伍建设、课程与活动开展、资源利用等方面取得了一定成效，但也面临着教师数量不足、科技课程及活动与教育资源开发不平衡、政策保障与激励机制不完善等问题。城乡学校间存在差异，但乡村学校在场地资源和利用现代教育技术方面展现出独特优势。不同层级的科技教育示范学校在科学教育上面临的挑战和优势各不相同。本文基于上述情况，提出促进课外科学教育发展的四条建议：提升课外科学教育重视程度；发挥乡村学校的独特优势；发挥金鹏科技团的示范和引领作用；根据不同层级科技教育示范学校的具体情况，制定和实施针对性的投入及保障策略，以促进科学教育资源的均衡发展和高效利用。

英文摘要:

      Extracurricular science education plays a crucial role in fostering students’scientific interests and is an integral part of effective science education. This study，based on a combination of stratified and random sampling，conducted a large-scale survey among 275 primary and secondary schools in Beijing. The results reveal that extracurricular science education in Beijing has achieved positive outcomes in terms of teacher development，curriculum and activity implementation，and resource utilization. However，There are also some issues，including a shortage of teachers，an imbalance in the development of technology courses and activities relative to educational resources，and inadequate policy support and incentives. Disparities exist between urban and rural schools，with rural schools demonstrating unique advantages in terms of physical resources and modern educational technology utilization. Different levels of science education demonstration schools face distinct challenges and advantages. Based on these findings，we propose four recommendations to promote the development of extracurricular science education：enhance its importance，leverage the unique strengths of rural schools，utilize the exemplary role of the“Golden Eagle”science and technology team，and tailor targeted investment and safeguard strategies according to the specific context of science education demonstration schools，aiming for a balanced and efficient utilization of science education resources.