新中国科教片的兴起及其多重历史使命

The Rise of Science and Educational Films and Their Multiple Missions in 1950s China

中文关键词: 科教片 科学普及 科学教育电影制片厂

英文关键词: science and educational films  science popularization  science and educational film studio

中文摘要:

      20 世纪 50 年代，新中国科教片事业兴起，形成了一些具有时代特色的创作原则，影响深远。本文以这一时期中国的科教片为研究对象，通过追溯科教片兴起的历史背景，梳理相关文献史料认为，科教片的基本形式、特征性质在该阶段被逐步明晰，新中国的科教片事业在该时期得以创立。本文尤其关注的是，科教片被国家赋予了多重使命，且随着时代变迁经历了“为生产实践服务”“注重科学性、思想性和艺术性”“为政治宣传需要服务”的转变，这深刻体现了 20 世纪 50 年代中国的科学观念，反映了当时科普事业的重要特征，对当下的科普工作也有较强的借鉴意义。

英文摘要:

      In the 1950s，the rise of science and educational films in China established foundational creative principles with enduring influence，which reflected the characteristics of the times. This study examines the evolution of science and educational films in China during this period，tracing the historical context of their emergence and analyzing relevant literature and archival materials. It is argued that the basic form and characteristic nature of science and educational films became gradually clear during this phase，marking the establishment of the science and educational film industry in New China. Of particular interest is the multiple missions assigned to science and educational films by the state，which underwent transitions reflecting the era，from serving production practices to emphasizing scientific，ideological，and artistic aspects，and finally to serving political propaganda needs. These transitions profoundly embody the scientific views of China in the 1950s and reflect important features of the science popularization efforts at that time，offering valuable insights for contemporary science popularization work.