开放科学的公众科学转向：政策工具视角下国际开放科学政策文本的量化研究

The Citizen Science Turn in Open Science：A Quantitative Study of International Open Science Policies from the Perspectiveof Policy Tools

中文关键词: 开放科学 公众科学 文本分析 政策工具

英文关键词: open science  citizen science  textual analysis  policy tools

中文摘要:

      国际开放科学政策近年呈现明显的公众科学转向，开放科学政策如何理解和推动公众科学是推进 科学与社会协同共享、共创的关键课题。本文基于政策工具视角，通过文本分析方法解构国际开放科学政 策内容，探索不同类型机构的政策设计及侧重。结果显示，国际开放科学政策关注由传统的公众科学普及转 向公众科学参与，不同类型机构在政策工具结构和具体政策设计上有所差异。我国未来制定科技与科普政策 时可参考国际经验，在政策设计之初融入开放科学与公众科学的双向度并形成有机整体，重新思考科研文化 和科普理念，改革科研资助和评价体系，建设公共服务平台，探索科学与社会新合作模式，双向培养协作技 能，并将公众参与纳入科研全生命周期考量，共同推进科学与社会协同共享、共创。

英文摘要:

      In recent years，international open science policies have exhibited a marked shift toward citizen science. Understanding and advancing citizen science within the framework of open science policies are pivotal for fostering collaborative sharing and co-creation between science and society. This study employs a policy tool framework to analyze international open science policy texts，exploring policy designs across various types of institutions and offering relevant policy recommendations. The findings reveal that international open science policies have shifted their primary focus from traditional science popularization to active citizen science participation. Additionally，different types of institutions exhibit notable variations in their policy tool structures and specific policy designs. The study suggests that China could draw on international experiences when formulating future policies related to science and science popularization. This includes integrating open science and citizen science into policy design， reshaping research culture and the concept of science popularization，reforming research funding and evaluation systems，developing public service platforms，exploring new models of collaboration between science and society，fostering collaborative skills on both sides，and incorporating societal engagement throughout the entire research lifecycle. These measures aim to jointly advance collaborative sharing and co-creation between the scientific community and society.