科技馆对公民科学素质的影响分析及提升对策——基于第十三次中国公民科学素质抽样调查的实证研究

The Impact of Science and Technology Museums on Citizens’Scientific Literacy and Strategies for Enhancement：An Empirical Study Based on the 13th National Civic Scientific Literacy Sampling Survey

中文关键词: 科技馆 科学素质 科学普及

英文关键词: science and technology museums  scientific literacy  science popularization

中文摘要:

      科学素质是国民素质的重要组成部分，提升科学素质对公民自身成长和国家发展均具有重要意义。 科技馆是公民科学素质提升的重要资源之一。基于 2023 年第十三次中国公民科学素质调查数据，本研究分 析发现：公民参观科技馆能大幅提升科学素质，特别是在科学方法、精神和能力维度；参观科技馆对科学 素质弱势群体帮助更大，有助于缩小性别、城乡和区域之间的公民科学素质差异。基于此，本研究提出要 扩大科技场馆的覆盖面，提高科技馆服务观众数量和质量；提升展教内容的深度，着重培养公民的科学方 法、精神和能力；提高科普服务的精度，展教活动开发应对女性、老年人、农村及中西部地区居民等弱势 群体有所倾斜等建议。

英文摘要:

      Scientific literacy is a vital component of national competency，and enhancing it holds great importance for both individual growth and national development. Visiting science and technology museums serves as a key avenue for enhancing citizens’scientific literacy. Analysis of data from the 13th National Civic Scientific Literacy Sampling Survey in 2023 reveals that such visits significantly enhance scientific literacy，particularly in the dimensions of scientific methods，scientific spirit，and scientific abilities. Moreover，visiting science and technology museums has a greater impact on disadvantaged groups，contributing to reducing disparities in scientific literacy across gender，urban-rural divides， and regional differences.Based on these findings，this study suggests expanding the reach of science and technology museums and enhancing their capacity to provide high-quality services. It also emphasizes the need to deepen the content of exhibitions and educational programs，with a particular focus on fostering citizens’understanding of scientific methods，scientific spirit，and scientific abilities. Additionally， it advocates for greater precision in science popularization efforts，recommending targeted exhibition and education activities that prioritize disadvantaged groups，including women，the elderly，rural populations，and residents in central and western regions.