科学资本视角下乡村初中生科学职业理想的现状及提升对策——基于广西2 022 名乡村学校初中生的调查数据

The Current Status and Improvement Countermeasures for theScience Career Aspirations of Rural Junior Middle School Students：From the Perspective of Science Capital：Based on the Survey Data of2 022 Rural Junior Middle School Students in Gangxi

中文关键词: 科学职业理想 乡村科学教育 科学资本

英文关键词: science career aspirations  rural science education  science capital

中文摘要:

      初中阶段是青少年科学职业理想发展的关键时期，初中生的科学职业理想研究是科学教育研究领 域中的重要话题。其中，乡村初中生的科学职业理想研究更是学界和社会的重点关切。已有研究发现，乡村 初中生的科学职业理想表现不佳。本研究引入科学资本概念工具，对广西2 022 名乡村学校初中生开展问卷 调查，利用有序逻辑回归和边际效应分析，探查科学资本不同要素对我国乡村初中生科学职业理想现状的 影响效果。研究发现，科学资本水平对我国乡村初中生科学职业理想水平起到显著的正向影响作用，拥有 越高科学资本的初中生在科学职业理想上的得分越高。具体而言，科学文化资本对乡村初中生科学职业理 想的影响作用呈现两重性，科学社会资本具有显著的积极影响，科学相关行为与实践维度发挥的影响则不 甚显著，甚至个别要素出现负面影响。根据调查结果，本研究从科学资本的3 个维度分别提出提升乡村初 中生科学职业理想的针对性对策。

英文摘要:

      The junior high school period constitutes a critical developmental stage for adolescents’science career aspirations. Investigating science career aspirations among rural junior high students represents a significant concern within science education research. Existing studies indicate that rural Junior Middle School students generally perform suboptimal in developing science career aspirations. This Research employs the conceptual framework of science capital to examine factors influencing rural Chinese students’science career aspirations. The research systematically investigates the differential impacts of science capital components through a questionnaire survey administered to 2 022 rural junior high students in Guangxi province，combined with ordered logistic regression and marginal effects analysis. Results reveal that higher science capital levels significantly predict stronger science career aspirations. Notably，science-related cultural capital demonstrates dual-directional influences，while science-related social capital exhibits consistent positive effects. Sciencerelated behaviors and practices show limited explanatory power，with certain elements even displaying negative associations. Based on the survey results，this Research finally proposes targeted strategies to enhance the science career aspirations of rural junior middle school students from three dimensions of science capital.