中小学生科学职业期望群体差异及影响因素研究——基于川渝地区4 211 名中小学生的调查数据

A Study on the Group Differences and Influencing Factors of ScienceCareer Expectations of Primary and Secondary School Students：Based on the Survey Data of 4 211 Primary and Secondary SchoolStudents in Sichuan and Chongqing Area

中文关键词: 科学职业期望 科学身份认同 中小学生 科技人才培养

英文关键词: science career expectation  science identity  primary and secondary school students  cultivation of science and technology talents

中文摘要:

      科学职业期望对培养科技人才具有重要意义。本研究通过对川渝地区4 211 名中小学生进行调查 发现，一方面，中小学生科学职业期望及各影响因素均存在显著的性别、城乡和学段差异。科学自我效能 感和父母因素对女生影响更大，父母因素对乡镇学生影响更大，科学参与对高中生影响更大。另一方面， 科学身份认同、科学自我效能感、科学参与、同伴因素、父母因素均对中小学生科学职业期望具有显著影 响，其中科学身份认同的影响程度最大。基于研究发现，本文建议应发挥科学自我效能感和父母因素对女 生科学职业期望的积极作用，发挥父母因素对乡镇学生科学职业期望的积极影响，发挥科学参与对高中生 科学职业期望的积极作用，并以科学身份认同为中心发挥其对中小学生科学职业期望的积极影响，从而培 养更多科技拔尖创新人才。

英文摘要:

      Science career expectation is of great significance to the training of scientific and technological talents. Through the investigation of 4 211 primary and secondary school students in Sichuan and Chongqing area，this study found that: on the one hand，there are significant differences in gender，urban and rural areas，and educational stage of primary and secondary school students' science career expectations and the influencing factors. Science self-efficacy and parental factors have a greater impact on girls，parental factors have a greater impact on students in rural areas，and science participation has a greater impact on high school students. On the other hand，science identity，science self-efficacy，science participation，peer factors， and parental factors all have a significant impact on the science career expectations of primary and secondary school students，with science identity having the greatest impact. Based on research findings，this study suggests leveraging the positive effects of science self-efficacy and parental factors on girls’science career expectations，the positive impact of parental factors on the science career expectations of students in rural areas，the positive role of science participation on high school students’science career expectations，and centering on science identity to enhance its positive influence on the science career expectations of primary and secondary school students，thereby cultivating more top talents in science and technology.