百廿年我国小学科学教育课程政策：历史回溯、主要特征和未来展望

The Curriculum Policy of Primary School Science Education in China over thePast 120 Years：Historical Review，Main Features，and Future Prospects

中文关键词: 小学科学教育 课程政策 课程改革

英文关键词: primary science education  curriculum policy  curriculum reform

中文摘要:

      小学科学教育课程建设是新时代培育学生科学精神、做好创新素质“孵化”工作的关键着力点。 纵观历史发展历程，20 世纪初至今的小学科学教育课程政策经历了萌芽与尝试、奠基与探索、调整与恢复、 深化与推进、创新与优化5 个阶段，并实现了4 个方面的转换：在价值取向上实现了从社会本位到人文本位 的转变回归；在目标指向上实现了从服务社会建设到发展科学素质的迭代更新；在内容选择上实现了从普及 知识到综合性课程的不断完善；在评价实施上实现了从单向度育人到多元化育人的逐步联动。在上述研究基 础上，本文提出如下建议：未来小学科学教育课程政策的规范与出新应坚持强化统筹与规划，以高站位引领 发展方向；变革理念和实践，以核心素养为导向夯实目标旨趣；重视深度与融通，以综合视角优化完善课程 内容；注重过程与增值，拓宽评价方式与资源矩阵。

英文摘要:

      The primary school science education curriculum is the key focus for hatching students’scientific spirit and innovative quality in the new era. Looking at the historical development process，the curriculum policy of primary school science education from the beginning of the 20th century to now has experienced five stages：germination and attempt，foundation and exploration， adjustment and restoration，deepening and promotion，innovation and optimization，and has realized four transformations: In terms of value orientation，it has realized the transformation and regression from“instrumental value”to“intrinsic value”；in terms of target orientation，it has realized the iterative update from“serving social construction”to“developing scientific literacy”；in terms of content selection，it has realized the continuous improvement from“popularizing knowledge”to“comprehensive curriculum”. In the evaluation implementation，it has realized the gradual linkage from“oneway” education to“diversified”education. In the future，the standardization and innovation of the curriculum policy of primary school science education should insist on strengthening the overall planning and guiding the policy direction with a high position；Change the concept and practice，with the core quality as the guide to strengthen the moral and cultivate people’s goals；Pay attention to depth and integration，and promote the optimization and improvement of comprehensive course content；Pay attention to process and value-added，broaden the evaluation method and resource matrix.