美国高校科技通识课程设置的经验和启示——基于两所大学的案例

Experiences and Implications of the Scientific and Technical General Education Curriculum Setting in American Universities - Based on the Cases of Two Universities

中文关键词: 高校  科技通识课  通识教育  课程设置

英文关键词: universities  scientific and technical general education curriculum  general education  curriculum setting

中文摘要:

      基于美国两所典型高校的课程大纲、学生手册等文本，结合相关文献对其科技通识课历史沿革及数量占比、修习要求等方面的现实情况展开分析，总结其科技通识课程设置的先进经验。结果表明美国高校科技通识课程:（一）在目标理念上致力于培养具有科学精神，能够进行科学决策的世界公民；（二）在课程主题选择上立足历史和社会背景，面向未来，聚焦全球性科学议题；（三）在内容组织上提倡跨学科和案例学习，以驱动性问题整合课程。为此，国内高校在进行科技通识课改革时，应明确科技通识课程定位，基于国情校情更新课程目标理念；突出学科融合和专业交叉，把握科技发展动态和国际竞争焦点；遵循思维进阶和实践逻辑，构建科技通识课程内容的整合式框架。

英文摘要:

      Based on the curriculum syllabus, student handbook and other texts of two typical foreign universities, combined with relevant literature, this paper analyzed the historical evolution, quantity proportion and learning requirements of their scientific and technical general education curriculum, and summarized the advanced experience in curriculum setting. The results showed that: (a) in terms of goals and ideas, they are committed to cultivating world citizens with scientific spirit and capable of making scientific decisions; (b) in terms of the selection of course themes, their courses are based on historical and social backgrounds, oriented to the future, and focused on global scientific issues; (c) in terms of the organization of contents, their courses advocate interdisciplinary and case study, and integrate the courses with driving issues. In view of these references, domestic universities should clarify the orientation of scientific and technical general education curriculum and update the curriculum objectives based on the current realities of the country and the university; highlight the integration of disciplines, grasp the dynamics of scientific and technological development and the focus of international competition; and follow the thinking progression and practical logic to build an integrated framework of scientific and technical contents.