我国公民科学素质的发展现状与特征——第十四次中国公民科学素质抽样调查报告

Current Situation and Characteristics in the Development of Scientific Literacy of Chinese Citizens：Main Findings of The 14thNational Civic Scientific Literacy Sampling Survey

中文关键词: 公民科学素质 科技信息 科普基础设施 科技决策 人工

英文关键词: civic scientific literacy  science and technology information  science popularizationinfrastructure  science and technology policy-making  artificial intelligence

中文摘要:

      为加强国家科普能力建设，深入实施全民科学素质提升行动，2024 年中国科协与国家统计局合作 开展了第十四次中国公民科学素质抽样调查。调查结果显示，我国公民科学素质发展水平呈加速提高态势， 2024 年公民具备科学素质的比例达到15.37%。科学素质发展不平衡情况有所缓解, 基本具备科学素质的人口 规模庞大。互联网作为公民获取科技信息首要渠道的地位进一步加强，科技类场馆在各类科普基础设施中具 有更高的参观使用效能。总体上看，我国公民崇尚科学、理性求实、支持创新，理性思维和科学意识进一步 提升。我国发展人工智能具有良好的群众基础，公民对人工智能应用态度积极、信心充足，但对就业替代存 在一定的担忧。调查结果为《全民科学素质行动规划纲要（2021 — 2035 年）》“十四五”评估、实现到2025 年公民具备科学素质比例超过15% 的目标提供重要数据。

英文摘要:

      To strengthen the national capacity for science popularization and further implement the initiative to enhance the scientific literacy of all citizens，the China Association for Science and Technology（CAST），in collaboration with the National Bureau of Statistics，conducted the 14th national sample survey on Chinese civic scientific literacy in 2024. This survey provided critical data for the evaluation of the“Outline of the National Scheme for Scientific Literacy（2021—2035）”during the 14th Five-Year Plan period，as well as for achieving the goal of raising the proportion of citizens with scientific literacy to over 15% by 2025. The results show that the scientific literacy of Chinese citizens has been improving at an accelerating pace，with the proportion reaching 15.37% in 2024. The imbalance in scientific literacy development has been alleviated to some extent，and the population with basic scientific literacy is now substantial. The internet has further solidified its position as the primary channel for citizens to access scientific and technological information，while science and technology museums have demonstrated higher visitation and utilization efficiency among various science popularization infrastructures. Overall，Chinese citizens increasingly value science，adopt rational and pragmatic attitudes，and support innovation，with further improvements in critical thinking and scientific awareness. The development of artificial intelligence（AI）enjoys a strong public foundation， with citizens holding positive attitudes and ample confidence toward AI applications，though some concerns remain about job displacement.