全社会科普视域下公民科学素质的影响因素探析

Exploring the Factors Influencing Civic Scientific Literacy from the Perspective of Comprehensive Societal Science Popularization

中文关键词: 公民科学素质 教育 全社会科普

英文关键词: civic scientific literacy  education  nationwide science popularization

中文摘要:

      为探析科普对公民科学素质的影响和贡献，本文以系统论思维为基础，从我国科普政策框架中解 析出教育、科普、经济社会宏观因素、公民个体自身属性 4 个主要影响因素，引入相对重要性分析法，通 过排除其他主要因素的方式探析科普对公民科学素质提升的贡献。结果表明，教育和科普是我国公民科学 素质养成的两大贡献要素，对科学素质总量的累计贡献分别达到 66.1% 和 21.5%，教育对科学素质的贡献 占据主导地位；教育和科普对 2020 — 2023 年我国公民科学素质增量的贡献率分别达到 40.5% 和 40.8%，科 普在科学素质增量中发挥重要作用。科协组织切实发挥了科普主要社会力量的作用，科协科普工作占全社 会科普总量的贡献率达到 48.4%，增量的贡献率达到 49.7%。从重点人群层面来看，科学素质提升机制大致 分为“传媒驱动型”“传媒与活动驱动型”“传媒与设施驱动型”3 种类型，分别适用不同人群。本文旨在进 一步深化对新时期科学素质发展规律的认识，为制定更加有效的科普策略、高质量推动公民科学素质建设 提供理论参考。

英文摘要:

      This study extracted China’s science popularization policies by systems theory，identified four primary influencing factors：macroeconomic and social elements，education，nationwide science popularization，and individual citizen attributes. By isolating these key factors，it explored the efficacy of nationwide science popularization and the primary initiatives of the China Association for Science and Technology（CAST），driving innovation in research on the determinants of scientific literacy. The analysis reveals that education and science popularization were the two major contributors to citizens’scientific literacy in China，accounting for cumulative contributions of 66.1% and 21.5% to the total scientific literacy level respectively. Education played a dominant role in shaping scientific literacy. Meanwhile，the contributions of education and science popularization to the growth of citizens’scientific literacy from 2020 to 2023 were 40.5% and 40.8% respectively，highlighting the significant role of science popularization in driving incremental improvements. Science popularization media made the largest contribution to the overall scientific literacy level，accounting for 53.7% of the total contribution from nationwide science popularization efforts，and 44.6% of the contribution to the incremental growth in scientific literacy. Examining key demographic groups，the mechanisms for enhancing scientific literacy could be categorized into three types：media-driven，media and activity-driven，media and facility-driven. Through a systematic analysis of the primary factors influencing scientific literacy，this study furthered the understanding of its developmental patterns，providing a theoretical foundation for formulating more effective science popularization strategies and advancing the high-quality development of civic scientific literacy.