乡村振兴战略背景下我国农民科学素质的现状与提升对策探析——基于第十四次中国公民科学素质抽样 调查的实证研究

Current Status and Improvement Strategies for Farmers’Scientific Literacy in the Context of Rural Revitalization： An Empirical Study Based on the 14th National Civic Scientific Literacy Sampling Survey

中文关键词: 农民科学素质 乡村振兴 城乡差距 区域均衡发展

英文关键词: farmers’scientific literacy  rural revitalization  urban-rural gap  regional balanced development

中文摘要:

      在全面推进乡村振兴、加快建设农业强国的时代背景下，提升农民科学素质具有重要战略意义。 本研究基于第十四次中国公民科学素质抽样调查的 5 192 份农民群体样本，对比分析 2023 年数据，旨在深 入剖析我国农民科学素质的发展现状与特征，并评估“农民科学素质提升行动”的实施成效，为持续有效 提升农民科学素质、弥合城乡差距提供决策参考与实证依据。研究结果显示，2024 年农民具备科学素质的 比例达 8.09%，与全国总体水平的差距首次缩小。农民科学素质呈现出区域均衡发展态势，东部地区农民 科学素质水平相对较高，中西部地区提升速度加快。尽管“农民科学素质提升行动”成效显著，青年农民 的科学素质水平与全国青年平均水平的巨大差距仍需高度关注。基于研究结果，本研究提出以下建议：一 是持续深化“农民科学素质提升行动”，扩大覆盖面与实效性；二是针对低学历农民和青年农民等科学素质 相对薄弱的群体实施精准策略，补齐科学素质短板；三是丰富农民获取科技信息的渠道，优化科普内容与 传播方式，提升吸引力与有效性；四是引导和激励农民将科学知识应用于实际，促进科技成果转化，使科 学素质真正转化为推动乡村振兴的强大动力。

英文摘要:

      In the context of comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and accelerating the construction of a strong agricultural nation，enhancing farmers’scientific literacy is of significant strategic importance. Based on data from 5 192 farmers sampled in the 14th National Civic Scientific Literacy Sampling Survey，and comparing the results with 2023 data，this study aims to deeply analyze the development status and characteristics of scientific literacy among Chinese farmers. It also evaluates the implementation effectiveness of the“Farmers’Scientific Literacy Improvement Action，”providing decision-making references and empirical evidence for the continuous and effective improvement of farmers’scientific literacy and the bridging of the urban-rural gap. Findings show that in 2024， 8.09% of farmers possessed scientific literacy，narrowing the gap with the national average for the first time. The development of farmers’scientific literacy exhibits a trend towards more balanced regional development，with the eastern region showing relatively higher levels，and the central and western regions experiencing accelerated improvement. While initiatives to improve farmers’scientific literacy have been effective，the significant gap between the scientific literacy of young farmers and the national youth average still requires close attention. Based on the above research results，the following recommendations are proposed: First，continue to deepen the “Farmers’Scientific Literacy Improvement Action，”expanding its coverage and enhancing its effectiveness. Second，implement precise strategies targeting relatively weak groups such as farmers with lower educational attainment and young farmers，addressing shortcomings in scientific literacy. Third，enrich the channels for farmers to access scientific and technological information，optimize science popularization content and dissemination methods，and enhance their attractiveness and effectiveness. Fourth，guide and incentivize farmers to apply scientific knowledge in practice，promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements，and truly transform scientific literacy into a powerful driving force for promoting rural revitalization.