科技治理视域下我国领导干部和公务员科学素质现状及提升对策——基于第十四次中国公民科学素质抽 样调查的实证研究

Current Status and Enhancement Strategies of Scientific Literacy among Chinese Leading Cadres and Civil Servants from the Perspective of Science and Technology Governance：An Empirical Study Based on the 14th National Civic Scientific Literacy Sampling Survey

中文关键词: 领导干部和公务员 科学素质 科技培训 人工智能

英文关键词: leading cadres and civil servants  scientific literacy  science and technology（S&T）training  artificial intelligence（AI）

中文摘要:

      科技治理现代化深度依赖于领导干部和公务员的科学素质。本文基于第十四次中国公民科学素质 抽样调查数据，聚焦领导干部和公务员，揭示了该群体在科学素质水平、结构性差异及人工智能认知等方 面的特征。研究发现，领导干部和公务员科学素质整体处于较高水平，具备显著的“头雁效应”，但其科 学素质发展在性别、城乡、地区、年龄和受教育程度等维度上存在明显结构性不平衡；科技培训对提升领 导干部和公务员的科学素质有积极作用，有助于提升对人工智能的相关认知与态度，但其在科学素质提升 的整体效果上尚未充分发挥作用。此外，领导干部和公务员科学素质的提升有助于增强对人工智能等前沿 技术的认知判断，但对科学决策和施政能力的转化仍显不足。据此提出，强化“头雁效应”，发挥“关键 少数”的示范引领作用；精准施策，缩小干部群体内部的科学素质差距；优化科技培训体系，构建“学— 用—评”闭环，推动科学素质向能力转化。

英文摘要:

      The modernization of science and technology（S&T）governance heavily relies on the scientific literacy of leading cadres and civil servants. Based on data from the 14th National Civic Scientific Literacy Sampling Survey，this study focuses on leading cadres and civil servants，revealing their characteristics in scientific literacy levels，structural disparities，and AI-related cognition. The findings indicate that while this group maintains a leading position in overall scientific literacy， demonstrating a notable“leading goose effect”，significant structural imbalances persist across gender， urban-rural，region，age，and educational attainment. S&T training plays a positive role in improving their scientific literacy and enhancing AI-related awareness and attitudes，yet its overall effectiveness in fostering scientific literacy remains limited. Moreover，while scientific literacy strengthens their cognitive judgment on frontier technologies such as AI，the translation of such literacy into practical competence remains insufficient. Accordingly，this study proposes reinforcing the“leading goose effect”to leverage the exemplary role of the“critical minority”；implementing targeted policies to narrow intra-group disparities in scientific literacy；and deepening the S&T training system by establishing a“learning-application-evaluation”closed loop to promote the transformation of scientific literacy into practical capabilities.