中国公民对人工智能的认知及态度分析——基于第十四次中国公民科学素质抽样调查的实证研究

Chinese Citizens’Perceptions and Attitudes Toward Artificial Intelligence：An Empirical Study Based on the 14th National Civic Scientific Literacy Sampling Survey

中文关键词: 人工智能 公民认知 技术态度 群体差异 公民科学素质

英文关键词: artificial intelligence  public cognition  technology attitudes  group differences  civic scientific literacy

中文摘要:

      随着人工智能技术的广泛应用，公民对 AI 的认知与态度成为衡量社会技术接受度的重要指标。本 文基于第十四次中国公民科学素质抽样调查数据，围绕受教育程度、职业类型、年龄结构与城乡分布等社 会结构变量，描绘中国公民人工智能认知与态度的群体差异。研究发现，中国公民整体对 AI 持积极态度， 信任基础良好，但不同群体在认知水平、使用频率、发展信心与职业替代等方面存在明显差异。受教育程 度越高、职业数字化程度越高者，对 AI 的认知与态度更积极；青年群体认知活跃且态度开放，老年群体则 表现出认知滞后但态度乐观的特征。城乡之间在认知基础与职业焦虑上也存在明显区别。研究建议从重点人 群的人工智能素养提升、职业再培训及风险治理机制等方面系统推进人工智能的社会通识教育与普及。

英文摘要:

      With the widespread application of artificial intelligence（AI），public understanding and attitudes toward AI have become key indicators of its social acceptance. Drawing on data from the 14th National Civic Scientific Literacy Sampling Survey，this study analyzes group differences in AI cognition and attitudes among Chinese citizens across four major social structural dimensions： educational attainment，occupational type，age cohort，and urban-rural background. The findings show that while Chinese citizens generally hold positive attitudes and exhibit a solid foundation of trust in AI， there are significant disparities among different groups in terms of cognitive level，usage frequency， confidence in AI development，and concerns about job displacement. Individuals with higher education levels and greater exposure to digital technologies tend to demonstrate more favorable cognition and attitudes toward AI. Younger cohorts display active cognition and open attitudes，whereas older adults are characterized by lagging cognition but optimistic expectations. Urban and rural residents also differ significantly in terms of baseline knowledge and anxiety about occupational risks. The study recommends promoting AI literacy among key populations，expanding vocational retraining programs，and improving risk governance mechanisms to ensure inclusive and equitable AI adoption through targeted public education.