开放科学浪潮中的科学家科普与认知多样性 ——基于知识社区主题互动的实证分析

Scientists’Participation in Science Popularization and Epistemic Diversity in the Wave of Open Science：An Empirical Analysis of Theme-Based Interaction in Knowledge Communities

中文关键词: 科学家参与科普 开放科学 认知多样性 公民科学 科普能力

英文关键词: scientists’participation in science popularization  open science  epistemic diversity  citizen science  science popularization ability

中文摘要:

      开放科学作为一种由技术赋能的协作文化，致力于促进资源和知识全过程开放共享，以加速科研 并增进公众理解科学。这与科普目标密切交织，为改变科学家科普方式带来了新机遇。本文以认知多样性 为分析框架，采用书目耦合方法构建知识社区，结合Python等数据分析技术和案例挖掘，对比常规科研组 织形式和开放科学浪潮中的科学家科普特征，进而分析认知层面的多样性如何助力科普实践。研究发现， 常规科研组织形式下，科普主题主要为气候和环境，科学家多通过社交媒体、学校教育和参与政策制定来 开展科普。开放科学浪潮中，科学家通过开放平台赋能的协作式科普科研项目驱动多主体参与实践，主题 拓展到健康、生态、地质等多个领域。科学家、公众、企业等多个认知主体在协作性科普实践中整合认知 资源，贡献出各自的认知能力，获得认知受益。这种新方式不仅可以分担科学家科普的认知成本、促进科 学发现，还有可能提升科学家的科普能力与意愿。

英文摘要:

      As a collaborative culture enabled by technology，open science is committed to promoting the open sharing of resources and knowledge throughout the entire research process. It accelerates scientific research and enhances public understanding of science. Open science is closely intertwined with the goals of science popularization，and offers new opportunities to transform the way that scientists engage in science popularization. Taking epistemic diversity as an analytical framework，this paper uses bibliographic coupling to map knowledge communities，combining data analysis techniques such as Python and case mining，compares the characteristics of scientists’popularization under traditional scientific research organization and in the wave of open science，and analyzes how epistemic diversity contributes to the science popularization. This study found that under a traditional scientific research organization，the main science popularization topics are climate and environment. Scientists conduct science popularization through social media，school education，and participation in policy-making. In the wave of open science，scientists leverage collaborative science research and science popularization projects，empowered by open platforms，to bring about multi-stakeholder participatory practices. The topics are expanded to multiple fields such as health，ecology，and geology. Scientists，the public， and enterprises integrate epistemic resources in collaborative science popularization，contribute their epistemic abilities，and gain epistemic benefits. This new approach can not only share the epistemic costs in scientists’popularization and promote scientific discoveries，but also promote scientists’ability and willingness.