奥杜邦及其作品的博物学研究

Research on the Natural History of John James Audubon and His Works

中文关键词: 《美国鸟类》  博物学爱好者  博物学家  鸟类研究  公众

英文关键词: The Birds of America  Natural History Enthusiast  Naturalist  Bird Research  the Public

中文摘要:

      奥杜邦及其作品都是博物学史研究中不可忽视的对象。首先，梳理奥杜邦从博物学爱好者到博物学家的转型，可以揭示非专业人士参与博物学并取得成功的路径。其次，通过对比奥杜邦与专业学者特明克的博物学作品，阐明奥杜邦的鸟类研究特色——植根于田野观察且对公众友好，这也是其获得成功的重要原因。最后，既从学术领域说明奥杜邦在美国早期鸟类研究中的关键作用，也在公众领域讨论奥杜邦对美国公众关注鸟类、保护鸟类的重要影响。如此，既呈现奥杜邦及其作品的主要特征，也折射出18、19世纪西方博物学的部分图景。

英文摘要:

      Both Audubon and his works cannot be ignored in the study of the history of natural history. First, sorting out Audubon's transformation from an enthusiast to a naturalist can demonstrate how non-professionals can participate in natural history and achieve success. Second, comparing Audubon's natural history works with those of the professional Coenraad Jacob Temminck, can present the characteristics of Audubon's ornithological research—rooted in field observations and accessible to the public, which is also an important reason for Audubon's success. Finally, it not only clarifies Audubon's pivotal role in early American ornithological research from the academic field but also discusses his significant influence on the American public's attention to and protection of birds in the public domain. In this way, it illustrates the main characteristics of Audubon and his works, and presents part of the landscape of Western natural history in the 18th and 19th centuries.