我国低龄儿童对科学本质理解的现状及提升对策研究

Research on the Current Situation and Promotion Strategies of Understanding the Nature of Science in Early Childhood

中文关键词: 科学本质 低龄儿童 学前科学教育

英文关键词: the nature of science  young children  early childhood science education

中文摘要:

      在教育强国、科技强国背景下，科学教育的重要性日益凸显。科学本质作为科学教育的重要目标， 有助于学生更好地理解科学知识、发展科学思维、提升好奇心和想象力。在儿童早期开展关于科学本质的 教学对于确保学生对科学本质形成准确的认识至关重要。然而对低龄儿童的调查结果显示，现阶段我国低 龄儿童对科学本质理解的总体水平较低，且存在地区和学校差异，西部地区及办学条件薄弱的学校处于相 对弱势地位。对幼儿教师的调查结果显示，幼儿教师自身对科学本质认识不足，并且对科学本质教育的重 要性认识也严重不足。据此，本研究提出，在宏观层面要尽早开展科学本质的教育实践、优化资源配置； 在中观层面注重机构赋能与生态构建，提高科学教师对科学本质的理解及重视、打造开放、多元且包容的 探究环境、构建幼小衔接的科学教育体系；在微观层面注重教学实践与互动内化，通过科学实验探究、科 学对话和家园互动等形式促进低龄儿童对科学本质的理解。

英文摘要:

      Under the background of a strong country in education and science and technology，the importance of science education is increasingly prominent. As an important goal of science education，the nature of science helps students better understand scientific knowledge，develop scientific thinking，and enhance curiosity and imagination. Teaching the nature of science in early childhood is crucial to ensuring that students have an accurate understanding of the nature of science. However，the survey results show that the overall development level of kindergarten graduates’understanding of the nature of science is low，and there are regional and school differences in China. Schools in the western region and schools with weak conditions are in a relatively vulnerable position. Besides，the survey results of kindergarten teachers also reveal that kindergarten teachers themselves have a poor understanding of the nature of science，and a serious lack of understanding of the importance of the nature of science. Based on this， this study proposes a multi-level framework for promoting the understanding of the nature of science in early education. At the macro level，it advocates for the early implementation of relevant educational practices and the optimization of resource allocation. the meso level，the focus shifts to institutional empowerment and ecological development，aiming to enhance science teachers’comprehension and appreciation of the nature of science，foster an open，diverse，and inclusive environment for exploration，and establish a coherent science education system bridging kindergarten and primary school.At the micro level，the emphasis is placed on the internalization of teaching practices and interactive pedagogies. Through modalities such as hands-on experiments，scientific dialogue，and home-school collaboration，the framework seeks to advance young children’s grasp of the fundamental understanding of the nature of science.