17世纪英国皇家学会的科学教育探索及其经验省思

The Royal Society of London’s Exploration of Science Education in the 17th Century and Reflections on the Experience Thereof

中文关键词: 英国皇家学会 科学教育 科普 科学社团

英文关键词: The Royal Society of England  science education  science popularization  scientific societies

中文摘要:

      17世纪是欧洲近代科学发展的黄金时期，在这一历史际遇中，英国皇家学会作为“会议—出版—讲演—实验”四位一体的民间非正式教育组织，具有活动组织非体系化、实用主义色彩强烈、学术性与普及性兼备、精英教育取向显著等鲜明的时代特征，并通过学会会员、科学建制与实践形式等多维传承链条在19世纪的西方大学中得以传承，对西方科普产生了深远影响。本文在回顾英国皇家学会早期发展历程的基础上，集中探析17世纪英国皇家学会的科学教育探索与核心特征，审思科学教育之根本目的具有纯粹性、主动寻求社会各界的支持、始终坚守组织的自主性、为科学教育制度化奠定基础等经验，为我国科学社团实现非正式科学教育对正式科学教育体系的“反哺”，以赋能我国的科技自主创新提供历史镜鉴。

英文摘要:

      The 17th century marked the golden age of modern scientific development in Europe. Amid this historical convergence，as a quadruple-integrated informal educational organization combining“meetings，publications，lectures and experiments，”the 17th-century Royal Society exhibited distinct characteristics of its era: non-systematic activity organization，strong pragmatism，a blend of academic rigor and popular appeal，and a pronounced orientation toward elite education. Its legacy，transmitted to 19th century Western universities through a multi-dimensional chain of membership，scientific institutionalization and practical formats，exerted a profound and lasting influence on Western science popularization. Based on a review of The Royal Society of London’s early development，this paper focuses on analyzing its scientific educational explorations and core characteristics during the 17th century. It also examined experiences including the purity of the purpose of science education，the proactive pursuit of societal support，maintaining the autonomy of the organization，and the laying of the foundation for the institutionalization of science education. It provides historical insights for Chinese scientific societies to achieve the“nurturing effect”of formal science education systems via informal provision，thereby empowering Chinese independent scientific and technological innovation.