自然类博物馆科普教育工作者职业倦怠差异及影响因素研究

A Study on Job Burnout Differences and Influencing Factors among Science-Communication Educators in Natural History Museums

中文关键词: 自然类博物馆 科普教育工作者 职业倦怠

英文关键词: natural history museums  science-communication educators  job burnout

中文摘要:

      职业倦怠是现代职业研究的焦点议题，现有研究对科普教育工作者职业倦怠水平及其影响因素关注甚少。本研究采用电子问卷方便抽样法，采集了全国15家自然类博物馆中115名科普教育工作者信息，探讨了该群体职业倦怠水平、群体差异特征及其影响因素。本研究发现：自然类博物馆科普教育工作者存在较为严重的职业倦怠问题，其中，一级博物馆、编制内、男性、31~40岁、中级职称及月收入1万元以上的科普教育工作者呈现出更高的职业倦怠感；年龄、身体健康状况、工作压力感知以及社会认可度等因素显著影响科普教育工作者的职业倦怠水平。基于实证研究结果，建议自然类博物馆针对高压群体实施分层干预的缓解方案；优化工作模式，缓解科普教育工作者身心健康压力；提升社会认同，强化正向反馈，从而有效降低该群体的职业倦怠水平。

英文摘要:

      Job burnout is a central issue in contemporary occupational research. However，existing studies have paid little attention to the burnout levels and influencing factors specific to science-communication educators. This study employed a convenience sampling method using electronic questionnaires to collect data from 115 science-communication educators across 15 natural history museums in China. It investigates the overall burnout level within this group，characteristics of group differences，and associated influencing factors. The findings indicate that science-communication educators in natural history museums experience significant job burnout. Notably，higher levels of burnout were observed among educators working in first-class museums，those with permanent institutional positions（“bianzhi nei”），males，individuals aged 31~40，those holding intermediate professional titles，and those with a monthly income exceeding 10, 000 RMB. Age，physical health status，perceived work pressure，and degree of social recognition were found to significantly impact their job burnout levels. Based on the empirical results，it is recommended that natural history museums implement tiered intervention strategies targeting high-pressure subgroups. These strategies should focus on optimizing work models to alleviate the educator’s physical and mental stress，enhancing social recognition to reinforce positive feedback，thereby effectively reducing burnout levels within this population.