从“知识传递”到“意义共享”——论科学文化哲学视域下科学传播范式的转变

From“Knowledge Transmission”to“Meaning Sharing”：On the Paradigm Shift of Science Communication from the Perspective of Philosophy of Scientific Culture

中文关键词: 科学传播 科学文化哲学 知识传递 意义共享

英文关键词: science communication  philosophy of scientific culture  knowledge transmission  meaning sharing

中文摘要:

      当今科学传播实践深陷“知识传递”困境：公众对科学结论的了解日益增多，但对科学精神的认同却未同步提升。其深层症结在于，长期受制于“知识论”的科学观，即将科学狭隘地理解为客观知识的集合，因而切断了科学与文化、价值、人生之间的内在关联。走出这一困境需要一场哲学层面的范式转变。科学文化哲学为这一转变提供了理论基础。它将科学在本质上看作是一种人所创造的、蕴含着精神追求与文化理想的活动，因而科学精神与人文精神在最高境界上是相通的。据此，科学传播的本质应从“知识传递”转向“意义共享”。这一新范式包含三重意蕴：一是知识的共享从传递结论转向呈现探索过程；二是精神的共享从告知成果转向感通科学家追求自由与文化境界的精神内核；三是价值的共享从彰显工具效用转向实现科学与公众意义世界的深度共鸣。唯有如此，科学传播才能让科学作为一种“活的文化”真正进入公众的精神世界。

英文摘要:

      Contemporary science communication practice is deeply trapped in the dilemma of “knowledge transmission”：the public’s understanding of scientific conclusions is increasing day by day，but their spiritual identification with science has not improved correspondingly. The deep-seated crux lies in the long-term domination of an“epistemological”view of science，which narrowly understands science as a collection of objective knowledge，thereby severing the intrinsic connections between science and culture，values，and human life. Escaping from this dilemma requires a paradigm shift at the philosophical level. The philosophy of scientific culture provides the theoretical foundation for this shift. It views science，in its essence，as a human-created activity imbued with spiritual pursuits and cultural ideals；thus，the spirit of science and the spirit of the humanities are interconnected at the highest realm. Accordingly，the essence of science communication should shift from“knowledge transmission”to“meaning sharing.”This new paradigm contains three layers of implication：first，the sharing of knowledge shifts from transmitting conclusions to presenting the process of exploration；second，the sharing of spirit shifts from informing achievements to empathizing with the spiritual core of scientists pursuing freedom and cultural realm；third，the sharing of value shifts from demonstrating instrumental utility to achieving deep resonance between science and the public’s world of meaning. Only in this way can science communication truly bring science，as a“living culture，”into the public’s spiritual world.