我国公民科学素质监测评估的回顾与展望

Retrospect and Prospect of Monitoring and Evaluation of Citizens’Scientific Literacy in China

中文关键词: 全民科学素质行动 《科学素质纲要》 科普 科学素质

英文关键词: National Scientific Literacy Action  Outline of the National Scheme for Scientific Literacy  science popularization  scientific literacy

中文摘要:

      本文回顾全民科学素质行动开展 20 年来，我国公民科学素质监测评估从测评体系构建到赋能科技创新与社会治理的演进历程。通过政策分析与调查数据解读两条线索，系统梳理了科学素质指标中国化时代化发展、指标融入国家战略的阶梯式进程，以及中国测评体系超越“米勒体系”，在框架设计、分人群评价、分级评价等方面形成的独特优势，迈向以数据循证支持地方决策的发展之路。数据显示，我国公民具备科学素质比例由 2005 年的 1.60% 提升至 2025 年的 16.74%，城乡、区域、性别差距近年来持续缩小，农民和老年人短板加快补齐，媒体融合驱动科普范式从科普渠道拓展转向数字化精准交互。科学素质指标已从一项监测评估工作演化为融入创新评估、赋能科技强国建设与现代化治理的基础性指标。面向“十五五”，需要深化分级评价与精准赋能，将科学素质建设进一步转化为人才根基、创新文化与理性社会的基础支撑。

英文摘要:

      This study reviews the 20-year evolution of the scientific literacy monitoring and assessment system under the National Scientific Literacy Action，tracing its shift from indicator construction to governance empowerment. By integrating policy analysis and survey data，it systematically examines the indigenization and modernization of the scientific literacy concept，the progressive embedding of literacy indicators into national strategies，and the scientific refinement of the assessment framework through the KAP model，subgroup-specific evaluation，and online-offline sample fusion. Results show that the proportion of citizens with scientific literacy rose from 1.60% to 16.74%，with urban-rural，regional， and gender gaps notably narrowing and weak links among farmers and the elderly being effectively addressed. Media convergence has driven a paradigm shift in science popularization from channel expansion to demand-driven，intelligent interaction. The scientific literacy indicator has evolved from a mere statistic into a core governance tool embedded in innovation assessment，empowering the building of a sci-tech powerhouse and modernization of governance. Looking ahead to the 15th Five-Year Plan period，it is essential to deepen tiered evaluation and precision empowerment，further consolidating scientific literacy as the talent foundation，innovation culture，and rational bedrock of society.