儿童探索馆中的亲子互动研究 ——以中国儿童中心老牛儿童探索馆角色游戏区为例

Parent-child Interaction in Children’s Discovery Museums: Taking theRole-play Zone at the Laoniu Children’s Discovery Museum of ChinaNational Children’s Center as an Example

中文关键词: 儿童探索馆 亲子互动 家长角色 对话内容 对话方式

英文关键词: children’s discovery museum  parent-child interaction  parental role  the content of the talk  talk modes

中文摘要:

      本研究旨在探究儿童探索馆亲子互动中家长角色和亲子对话的特征。研究采用随机抽样的方法从中 国儿童中心老牛儿童探索馆角色游戏区抽取 41 个 3~6 岁儿童的亲子家庭为研究对象，对其在亲子互动中家长 角色的类型、亲子对话内容及对话方式进行考察，结果表明：互动中家长较长时间承担的是共同游戏者角色； 互动初期家长倾向于表现出多种角色，随互动时间推移集中到旁观看护者角色。对话内容上，亲子间关于游 戏材料的对话比重最大，其中又以感知认知和概念解释最多；父亲是否参与对亲子间主要对话内容有极显著 的影响，有父亲参与的家庭更偏向于讨论游戏情节，母亲单独带领的家庭更多讨论游戏材料；互动过程中， 亲子对话内容从初期主要关注游戏情节和游戏材料过渡到集中关注游戏材料。对话方式上，亲子间对话方式 以“互动—对话”为主，“互动—权威”型对话主要出现于互动的开始和结束阶段，“无互动—权威”型对话多 发生于互动初始阶段。研究结果提示在探索馆中家长可适时调整互动策略，场馆教育者也可充分利用展品设 计一定的游戏情节，使幼儿与材料及与成人的互动更深入充分。

英文摘要:

      The purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics of parental roles and the parent-child talk in children’s discovery museums. A sample of 41 family groups, which had a child aged 3-6，was randomly selected in the role-play zone at the Laoniu Children’s Discovery Museum. The type of parental roles, the content and modes of parent-child talk in parent-child interaction were investigated. The results of the study indicates that parents play the co-player role for the longest time. As the interaction time goes on，parents gradually focus on playing the role of the onlooker，rid of a variety of roles they play in the initial stage of the interaction. In terms of the content of the parent-child talk, topics about exhibits take the largest proportion in all，with a large percentage of perceptual talk and conceptual talk in them. Besides，father’s participation has a significant influence on the main topic of the talk. Families with a father are more likely to discuss game plots，while the families led only by the mother are more inclined to discuss the exhibits. During the interaction，the topics of parent-child talk gradually change from being about the game plots and exhibits to focusing only on exhibits. About the parental-child talk modes，the“interactive-dialogic”talk is given priority in all modes, which is almost throughout the whole game process in the role-play zone. The“interactive-authoritative”mode mainly appears in the initial and the end period of the interaction, while the“non-interactive-authoritative”dialogue mainly shows in the initial stage of interaction. The results imply that parents can timely adjust strategies to improve the parent-child interaction. It also provides the idea that educators in this institute can make full use of the exhibits or other materials to design game narratives in order to making sufficient parent-child interaction.