洋务运动时期物理教科书科学启蒙特点 及其影响

Characteristics and Influences of Physics TextbooksUsed in the Period of Westernization Movement

中文关键词: 洋务运动 物理学教科书 科学启蒙

英文关键词: Westernization Movement  physics textbook  scientific enlightenment

中文摘要:

      洋务运动时期，洋务派官员应时代所需，开矿、建厂、兴建洋务学堂，组织翻译西学书籍，促进了 物理教科书的引入与发展，开启了中国人主导的物理教科书翻译的新时代。这一时期翻译的物理教科书注重 物理学知识体系的建构、强调科学方法的作用、关注科学精神的启蒙。虽存在过于注重实用的价值取向、轻 视基础理论知识、科学教育与科学实验研究脱节等问题，但不可否认，这一时期的物理教科书参与构建了以 “中体西用”为指导的科学教育体系，培养了中国近代第一批科学传播人才，为维新运动、辛亥革命提供了精 神养料和思想武器，实现了其科学启蒙的历史价值。

英文摘要:

      During the period of Westernization Movement in 19th century in China，the government exploited mines，built factories，ran schools，and managed translation of western books. Physics textbooks were also translated and introduced into China. At that time，the translated physics textbooks were mainly about the construction of knowledge system of physics，the function of scientific methods and the enlightenment of scientific spirit. Although there were some problems like over-emphasizing practical value orientation，neglecting basic theoretical knowledge，disconnecting teaching from learning in experimental research，it is doubtless that physics textbooks at that time were involved in the construction of scientific education system guided by“Chinese essence with Western utility”，and used in training the first group of science disseminators in modern China，which supported the Reform Movement and the 1911 Revolution with spiritual nourishment and ideological weapon. These physics textbooks were successful with their historical value of scientific enlightenment，accelerated to a certain extent the demise of the Qing Dynasty，and promoted the process of modernization of Chinese society.